BAe 於 1987年宣布撤出 Brooklands 時,民間團體隨即提出將場地變成博物館。經過協商後,BAe 同意把部份場地撥予 Brooklands Museum Trust,而餘下部份則轉售予其他私人機構以及自用。BAe 最終於 1989 年把工廠搬離 Brooklands, 而今日探訪既 Brooklands Museum 則於 1991 年開啟,並一直開發至今。
現時, Brooklands 原址保留左唔少當年既原始建築,而博物館亦用唔少舊式建築展出二戰前同 Brooklands 相關既展品,例如賽車以及無線電研發等。部份 Brooklands 賽道亦獲 Brooklands Museum 及位於博物館旁 Mercedes Benz World 保留, 而 Vickers 於五十年代設立既 Climate Weather Testing Chamber 亦獲保留
唔知大家又記唔記得小弟係第二十回遇溺記介紹 James May & BBC 當年既製作 James May’s Toy Stories? 係呢個系列入面, James May 係以大人角度去玩自己童年既玩具, 而 James 係其中一集去 RAF Cosford 使用童工製作一部 1:1 既噴火型戰機模型。此外,佢係呢個系列入面既 Scalextric 部份走訪 Brooklands Museum, 嘗試根據當年既賽道鋪設 Scalexetric 跑道,並用多組義工 <del> 係呀,又用童工呀 <del/> 控制器同電力供應,嘗試讓一部 模型跑車成功圍繞 Brooklands 既賽道跑一個圈。雖然大家可能睇開既 May 係一個同 Hammond & Clarkson 玩既 James May, 不過如果你想睇 James May 做 James May, 而唔係俾 Clarkson 玩既話, 呢個系列都幾值得睇既~~
係英國獲保留既七部協和號客機之中,有六部係開放予旅客參觀 - 除左先前介紹既 G-BOAF (Aerospace Bristol) 同 G-AXDN (IWM Duxford) 之外,另外三部協和號客機則為 G-BSST (Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton), G-BOAA (National Museum of Flight, East Lothian, Scotland) 及 G-BOAC (Manchester Airport) - BOAA, BOAC & BOAF 皆曾為英國航空服務,而 AXDN, BBDG 同 BSST 則於研發計畫中飛行。位於曼徹斯特既 G-BOAC 都係要預約參觀,有興趣去既話就記得預先購買門票,唔好學小弟咁去摸門釘啦~~
小弟就係度順便講解下博物館既收費啦 - 博物館收費係 £20,而呢個收費亦包括同場既 London Bus Museum 既入場費既。不過參觀協和號係需要另外俾多 £5,而由於機上空間有限,旅客亦要預先預約上機參觀既時間。(博物館網站係建議參觀者到達博物館後先進行參觀協和號的預約,不過小弟當日到訪時都見佢既 Booking 都唔係太滿~~) 如果閣下希望更加深入了解呢部協和號既話,閣下係可以參與 Brooklands Museum 不定期舉辦既 Cockpit Tour 或 Engineering Tour。博物館係會邀請一位機師/工程師為參加者詳細講解協和號既運作,不過呢類導覽既收費就偏高既,值唔值得既就見仁見智啦。
Brooklands 係有兩部 VC-10 駐場展出,分別係 G-ARVM 以及 A4O-AB - 前者原為英航既前身 BOAC 服役,而後者則先後為 British United Airways, British Caledonian, 以及 The Sultan of Oman 服務。A4O-AB 現以 為阿曼蘇丹服役時的 VIP 配置展出,而 G-ARVM 的機翼同機尾雖然早已拆走,不過機艙頭半部份則保留標準既 3+3 座位配置,而機艙後半部份現時則用作一個關於 VC-10 既小型展覽之用。
此外,除左呢部私人飛機版本既 VC-10 之外,Brooklands Museum 亦擁有另一部 VC-10 - 最後一部生產既 VC-10 KA ZA-150 現於 Dunsfold Park 收藏,並被維持於一個可滑行既狀態。雖然現時 Brooklands 並沒有計畫開放呢部前 RAF 軍機予大眾參觀,不過如果閣下有興趣睇一部行得走得既 VC-10 既話,不妨關注下呢部 VC-10 既動態啦~~
小弟亦係呢度賣下廣告啦 - 小弟係第十九回遇溺記亦帶過大家參觀位於 IWM Duxford 既 BOAC-Cunard Super VC-10 G-ASGC - 如果閣下有興趣觀賞一部客機版本既 Super VC-10 既話,不妨睇埋小弟之前探訪 Duxford Aviation Society 收藏既博物館報告~~
雖然當時 BAC 係聘用英國航空工業最頂尖既工程師,不過由於當時既航空界對 deep stall 現象並不了解,因此 BAC 為未投入服務既 BAC 1-11 進行駕駛測試同性能評估時,1-11 既試驗機 G-ASHG 不幸地係測試失速情況時進入一個 Deep Stall,而呢場空難亦帶走五位英國最頂尖既 Test Pilot 既性命。
咁咩係 Stall 同 Deep Stall 呢? Stall 係指飛機因為速度不足或機翼 Angle of Attack 過高而導致機翼可產生既升力少於重力,繼而導致飛機高度下降。一般黎講,只要機師把機速提升及把飛機既俯仰角度回復正常,飛機便可以脫離失速既狀態。
惟 Deep Stall 既情況則比較嚴重 - Deep Stall 係指飛機因為速度及飛機俯仰角度問題導致升力減少,但同時因為飛機俯仰角度過高,導致經過 T-Tail 尾翼既氣流受主翼產生既亂流影響,減低尾翼控制飛機俯仰角度既功效。係呢個情況下,由於尾翼既 elevator 部份係控制飛機俯仰角度既關鍵,飛機係會失去回復正常俯仰角度既方法,繼而維持呢個過高既俯仰角度,並繼續維持失速狀態。
為安全地了解新設計係 Deep Stall 情況下既控制以及預防方法, BAC 隨即為另一部試驗機裝上降落傘,供測試飛機失速時進行 Stall Exit 之用。進入 Deep Stall 後,機師可以把引擎輸出調細,並啟動降落傘 - 由於降落傘係連接飛機既尾部,降落傘所承受既空氣阻力會直接把尾部拉起,並讓飛機回復一個 Nose Down 既姿態。飛機達到需要的俯仰角度之後,機師便可以把降落傘連圖二的發射裝置一拼放走,並恢復正常飛行。
The Daily Mail 同跨大西洋飛行係有一個微妙關係 - 係創辦人 Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe 既指引下,每日郵報則於 1906 至 1930年間曾經多次推出同航空有關既挑戰獎金,邀請各飛行員挑戰航空既極限。第一個成功既跨大西洋既隊伍 John Alcock and Arthur Brown 就係響應呢個挑戰 於 1919 年由加拿大飛到愛爾蘭,並成功拿走 £10,000 (今時今日多達四百萬港幣) 既獎金。
1969 年,爲紀念首個成功跨大西洋航班既五十週年,每日郵報冠名舉辦 Daily Mail Transatlantic Air Race - 參賽者必須鬥快由倫敦既郵政塔 (現稱為 BT Tower) 前往紐約帝國大廈,並設有多個參賽類別供參與。
空中輸油既次序亦相當有興趣 - 由於戰機垂直起飛時會消耗大量燃油,因此 Harrier 於起飛後基本上係即時需要從 Victor 添補燃油。同時,一部 Victor 可以搭載既燃油並不足以 Harrier 完成跨海旅程,因此 RAF 係需要以一個互相填補燃油既方式將一部戰機同三部空中輸油機由倫敦跨過大西洋送到美國 - 先用三部 Victor 為另外三部 Victor 在大西洋上空填滿燃油,再用三部 Victor 輪流為今日既主角空中加油。 (RAF 會於日後既福克蘭戰爭將技術發揮到極致 - 如果閣下有興趣既話,不妨於網上查閱有關 Operation Black Buck 1 既事跡~~)
雖然呢場比賽無疑只係一個為吸引讀者目光及刺激報紙銷售既特技,不過呢場比賽係繼續刺激民眾對航空既興趣,對航空業既持續發展絕對係功不可沒。而剛才故事中講述既主角,於 Trans-Atlantic Air Race 中勝出既 Harrier 就係展館中心展出既 XV741。
Brooklands Museum 既入場費亦包埋位於博物館旁既 London Bus Museum - 雖然呢個唔係小弟今日既 focus, 不過呢個博物館展出唔少經典既倫敦巴士型號,例如 Leyland Titan, AEC Routemaster, MCW Metrobus 等 - 車廠入面一片紅色 其實都幾壯觀~~
When writing this piece, one observation that deeply intrigued me was the realization that history itself was not set in stone - it is universally acknowledged that history is written by the victors, but as Qui-gon Jinn once famously noted “There is always a bigger fish”, there is always a slightly more victorious party - be it an advocacy group, country or species.
With progressive politics on the rise, many museums have been asked to reflect on the narrative of their galleries, with many acknowledging their too-often white-washed past and subsequently adjusting their narrative accordingly. For example, at the Rijksmuseum, the foreword to the Dutch East Indies exhibition invites visitors to admire their renowned collection of Sumatran artifacts, but also to take into account the less-than-ideal circumstances and intent in which they were removed from the then-Dutch colony.
Advances in academia have also prompted rethink into how established topics are discussed and understood. The Holocaust was one of the most horrific atrocities the Nazis committed during World War II, and thanks to the extensive research and documentation conducted on the subject (In fact, too well documented, as Hitler’s merry band of war criminals found out in Nuremberg after the war), the younger generation can be taught about its horrors, and museums set up to remember the victims of the event. Even so, the Imperial War Museum recently published an article calling for its approach to the Holocaust to be reviewed - Beware the holocaust, not because you could have been a victim, but beware the Holocaust, because you could have aided the perpetrators.
This is to be welcomed, as our improved understanding of the past serves as enlightenment for our future - does the fact that even museums are prone to change means that they are museums no more, but a mere reflection of public opinion that continually ebbs and flows?
How will the narrative surrounding this museum piece and its participation in the 1969 transatlantic air race change in the future?
Was it a remarkable feat that paved the way for supersonic transatlantic flights in the 70s? Or was it a waste of fuel and symbolic of the callous disregard for the environment and carbon emissions at the time?
Was it a demonstration to show off British engineering and military might to the rest of the world? Or was it a sign of a government grasping at straws that sent a fighter (and three tankers) across the ocean as a show of force as its empire crumbled around it?
當年主要目標係 London Bus Museum,知道有擺飛機但無特別研究,亦無預約和諧機。大約 11 am 去到,打算留半晝,結果實在太多嘢睇,即使走馬看花都睇到 5 pm 閂門至走,亦買了兩本巴士/地鐵書。當時有眼不識泰山,只覺室外飛機展品狀態麻麻,不及之前在德國 Sinsheim 見到的光鮮,可能係財力人力等問題,復修做得比較慢。展板當然有睇,但未能形成連貫印象,睇完樓主解說終於將所有野串埋一齊。